International Journal of Engineering Business and Social Science

The Influence of Transformational Leadership and Motivation on Employee Performance: The Moderating Role of Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB)

2025-10-08T03:46:49+00:00

This research seeks to examine the effect of transformational leadership and employee motivation onqemployee performance, with OrganizationaleCitizenship Behavior (OCB) serving as a moderating variable within the setting of PT PLN (Persero) UP3 Mataram. Employing a descriptive causal quantitative approach, data were collected from 181 permanent employees using a systematic Likert-scale questionnaire. The analysis was conducted using Structural Equation Modeling - Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS). The findings demonstrate that both transformational leadership and motivation positively and significantly influence employee performance. Furthermore, OCB reinforces the relationship between leadership, motivation, and effectiveness, demonstrating its critical role in shaping productive organizational behavior. The study highlights that leadership practices and employee motivation are key drivers of performance, while fostering OCB further enhances organizational outcomes. These results offer practical implications for state-owned enterprises, particularly in developing countries, emphasizing the importance of building strong leadership, encouraging intrinsic motivation, and cultivating positive organizational behaviors to achieve optimal productivity.

The Effect of Digital Transformation on Financial Performance with Business Risk as a Momed in Banking Companies Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange

2025-10-06T03:55:24+00:00

The Indonesian banking sector is undergoing significant digital transformation driven by technological advancements and changing consumer expectations. This shift requires the adoption of new technologies while managing business risks to sustain financial performance. This study investigates how digital transformation influences the financial performance of banking companies on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX), with business risk as a moderation and mediation variable. Using data from 229 banking companies over 2019–2023, financial performance is measured through Return on Assets (ROA), Return on Equity (ROE), and Earnings Per Share (EPS). Business risk is assessed using Total Earnings Per Share (T.EPS), EBIT, and EBITDA. Findings indicate that digital transformation does not significantly affect financial performance directly in the short term but significantly impacts business risk. Business risk partially mediates the relationship between digital transformation and financial performance, though the effect is weak, and shows no significant moderation role. This research enhances understanding of how digital transformation shapes banking institutions’ financial health and highlights the importance of managing business risk to optimize financial outcomes in the digital era.

Risk Management Analysis in Road Pavement Work in West Sumatra with the Flanagan and Norman Approach (1993)

2025-10-06T04:11:00+00:00

Recurrent pavement failures in West Sumatra highlight the urgent need for integrated risk management in road projects. This study aims to identify significant risks, examine barriers to the implementation of mitigation strategies, and formulate an effective risk management approach based on the framework of Flanagan and Norman (1993). The research employed a literature review and in-depth interviews with 15 experts from academia, consultancy, and industry, combined with qualitative analysis using NVivo software and risk priority scoring. The findings indicate that economic risk (R4) ranks as the highest due to fluctuations in material prices, land acquisition challenges, and logistical constraints. The risk mapping suggests that a combination of risk reduction, risk transfer, risk retention, and risk avoidance strategies is required, depending on the characteristics of the risks. Barriers to implementation include delayed payments, weak stakeholder coordination, limited human resources, social resistance, logistical problems, and low compliance with occupational health and safety regulations. The analysis further demonstrates that the success of mitigation strategies is strongly influenced by the clarity of contractual clauses, financial discipline, institutional coordination, and consistency in field implementation. These findings are expected to contribute to the development of sustainable transportation policies and serve as a reference for all stakeholders involved in planning more resilient road projects.

Thermal Comfort Analysis to Support Energy Efficiency Based on Building Information Modelling (BIM): Case Study of Graduate Building University Fajar

2025-10-06T04:07:39+00:00

The building sector is a significant contributor to global energy consumption, with thermal comfort being a crucial factor in energy use, particularly in tropical climates such as Indonesia. This research aims to analyze the level of thermal comfort in buildings to support energy efficiency. The study was conducted at the Graduate Building of University Fajar, Makassar, which functions as intensive lecture spaces requiring high levels of thermal comfort. Using Archicad 27 software for BIM simulation and energy evaluation, the research analyzed existing thermal conditions and evaluated three insulation material alternatives: Aluminium Composite Panel (ACP), High-Density Polyurethane (HDPU), and Glass Wool. The study employed both descriptive qualitative and quantitative approaches with energy performance evaluation features. Results indicated that existing thermal conditions do not meet the SNI 03-6572-2001 thermal comfort standards, with an average minimum temperature of 24.2°C and a maximum of 33.9°C. Among the three insulation alternatives, the installation of glass wool partitions proved most effective in reducing energy consumption by Rp. 2,264,506 annually (from Rp. 12,705,737 to Rp. 10,441,231) and carbon emissions by 287 kg/year (from 1,614 kg/year to 1,327 kg/year). HDPU panels demonstrated the best performance in thermal design data by reducing the average temperature from 29.0°C to 28.8°C. The study concludes that BIM technology provides valuable insights for designing comfortable and energy-efficient spaces. However, mechanical air conditioning systems remain necessary to achieve optimal thermal comfort standards.

The Influence of Organizational Citizenship Behavior and Work-Life Balance on Organizational Commitment (A Study on e-Fishery Employees)

2025-10-06T04:03:24+00:00

This research focuses on eFishery, a start-up company based in Bandung, specifically during the period of December 2024 to January 2025. During this time, the start-up underwent a significant layoff, impacting nearly 95% of its employees due to issues of fraud. This crisis provides a compelling case study for examining employee retention strategies from a Human Resource Management (HRM) perspective. The study aims to investigate the influence of organizational citizenship behavior and work-life balance on organizational commitment in e-Fishery Employees. A quantitative causal-associative research method was employed, with the population comprising eFishery employees during the December 2024–January 2025 period. Three Likert scales were utilized to measure the variables: the Organizational Citizenship Behavior Scale, the Work-Life Balance Scale, and the Organizational Commitment Scale. Multiple linear regression analysis was used for data analysis. Empirical findings indicate that employee Organizational Citizenship Behavior at eFishery is at a moderate level, while Work-Life Balance and Organizational Commitment are high. The results demonstrate a significant positive influence of Organizational Citizenship Behavior on Organizational Commitment, a significant positive influence of Work-Life Balance on Organizational Commitment, and a significant combined influence of Organizational Citizenship Behavior and Work-Life Balance on Organizational Commitment. These findings emphasize that even in crisis situations, companies can maintain employee commitment by encouraging voluntary behavior (OCB) and ensuring work-life balance (WLB).

Analysis of Business Strategies in Increasing Competitive Advantage for SMEs in the Digital Era

2025-10-06T03:53:47+00:00

In the era of rapid digital transformation, Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) are required to adapt to new business models to remain competitive and sustainable. The increasing use of digital technology has transformed how businesses operate, interact with customers, and deliver value. This study aims to analyze the effect of business strategies on enhancing the competitive advantage of MSMEs in the digital era. A quantitative research approach was employed by distributing questionnaires to MSME owners and managers who have adopted digital strategies in their business operations. The data collected were analyzed using simple linear regression to examine the relationship between business strategies—namely innovation, differentiation, and market orientation—and competitive advantage. The results indicate that business strategies have a significant positive influence on MSMEs’ competitive advantage, particularly through product innovation and the utilization of digital technology. These findings highlight that adaptation to digital transformation is not merely an option but a strategic necessity for survival and growth. The study recommends that MSMEs develop adaptive and innovative strategic planning to strengthen their competitiveness in an increasingly dynamic and technology-driven market environment,

The Influence of Leadership Roles and Organizational Commitment on Increasing the Effectiveness of the Safety Management System at Ngloram Airport, Blora Regency, Central Java

2025-10-06T04:13:25+00:00

This study aims to analyze the influence of leadership roles and organizational commitment on increasing the effectiveness of the Safety Management System of Ngloram Airport, Blora Regency, Central Java. This research uses quantitative methods with explanatory research types, with a research sample of 37 people determined by statistical formulas. The sampling technique used is simple random sampling where sampling is done randomly. While the data analysis method used in this study is simple linear regression analysis and multiple linear regression analysis. From the results of this study it is evident that there is a positive and significant influence, where the role of leadership on increasing the effectiveness of the Safety Management System is significant and positive with a coefficient of determination of 82.1%. Organizational commitment to increasing the effectiveness of the Safety Management System is significant and positive with a coefficient of determination of 61.4%. Jointly the role of leadership and organizational commitment together on Increasing the Effectiveness of Safety Management System is significant and positive with a coefficient of determination of 84.6%, where the role of leadership has a very dominant effect and then organizational commitment. So that in the future, the effectiveness of SMS Ngloram Airport, Blora Regency, Central Java should pay attention to the importance of leadership role factors and organizational commitment in the implementation of increasing the effectiveness of SMS so that it can run even better to operators, especially in increasing the effectiveness of SMS which is still not optimal.

Marketing Mix, Brand Image, and Consumer Satisfaction in Building Customer Loyalty in a Coffee-Based MSME

2025-10-06T03:57:56+00:00

This study aims to analyze the indirect influence of marketing mix elements—product, price, place, and promotion—on consumer loyalty, mediated by brand image and consumer satisfaction in the context of Kopi Nur MSME, Indonesia. Employing a quantitative approach, data were collected from 200 active consumers using a structured Likert-scale questionnaire. The analysis was conducted using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The findings indicate that all four marketing mix variables positively and significantly influence brand image. Furthermore, brand image significantly affects consumer satisfaction and plays a mediating role in the relationship between marketing mix and consumer loyalty. In addition, consumer satisfaction also mediates the effect of brand image on loyalty. The study highlights that effective management of marketing mix elements not only strengthens brand perception but also enhances consumer experience, leading to long-term loyalty. These results offer practical implications for local MSMEs, especially in the coffee sector, emphasizing that product excellence, fair pricing, accessible distribution, and consistent digital promotion are critical in fostering a strong brand and loyal customer base.

The Role of Self-Efficacy and Employee Engagement in Improving Employee Performance: A Literature Review

2025-10-06T04:09:28+00:00

This research investigates how self-efficacy and employee engagement jointly influence employee performance through a systematic literature review of recent empirical research. The review addresses the central question of how psychological resources and behavioral involvement shape individual contributions to organizational outcomes. Self-efficacy is examined as a belief in one’s capability to perform tasks successfully, while employee engagement represents a positive work-related state characterized by vigor, dedication, and absorption. Using data drawn from peer-reviewed studies across sectors such as education, healthcare, aviation, and public administration, the analysis reveals consistent evidence that self-efficacy strengthens confidence, resilience, and adaptability, whereas engagement channels these qualities into sustained effort, motivation, and goal-directed behavior. The discussion highlights engagement as a key mediator that converts self-efficacy into measurable performance and identifies contextual factors—including work–life balance, organizational support, and social environments—that amplify these effects. Findings show that self-efficacy and engagement create a reinforcing cycle in which confidence drives involvement and involvement enhances results, ultimately improving task completion, productivity, and innovative work behavior across diverse organizational settings.

The Influence of Experience Satisfaction on Revisit Intention with Site Image and Content Moderation

2025-10-06T04:06:30+00:00

The high level of competition in the pizzeria industry in Indonesia, particularly in Bekasi Regency, reflects a situation where customer experience satisfaction is not always directly proportional to the intention of repeat visits. This study aims to analyze the influence of experience satisfaction on revisit intention with site image and content moderation among consumers of fast-food restaurants Pizza Hut, Domino’s Pizza, and Gian Pizza in Bekasi Regency. A quantitative approach was employed, utilizing primary data sources. The research sample consisted of 360 participants selected through purposive sampling techniques based on the non-probability sampling method. Data collected via questionnaires were analyzed using the Partial Least Square–Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) statistical method with SmartPLS 3.2.9 software. The results reveal that: (1) Experience satisfaction does not have a significant effect on the revisit intention of consumers of Pizza Hut, Domino’s Pizza, and Gian Pizza in Bekasi Regency; (2) Site image does not moderate the relationship between experience satisfaction and revisit intention of pizza restaurant consumers in Bekasi Regency; and (3) Content also does not moderate the relationship between experience satisfaction and revisit intention of pizza restaurant consumers in Bekasi Regency. These findings underscore the importance of restaurant image and content-based marketing strategies in fostering customer loyalty. The implications of the study suggest that enhancing customer satisfaction and strategically utilizing site image and promotional content are essential in increasing revisit intentions.

Application of the Kaizen Method on the Effectiveness and Efficiency of Financial Performance at Style Labels SDN BHD Manufacturing Company in 2023 (Sales Department Analysis Study)

2025-10-06T03:51:54+00:00

Financial performance measurement plays a vital role in manufacturing companies, providing essential information for managing business operations effectively and efficiently. This study aims to analyze the relationship between the application of the Kaizen method and the effectiveness and efficiency of financial performance in the Sales Department of Style Labels Sdn. Bhd., a manufacturing company located in Selangor, Malaysia. The research employs a qualitative descriptive method. Primary data were collected through online questionnaires, while secondary data were obtained from sales revenue and financial statement documentation. Data analysis utilized the Kaizen approach based on the PDCA (Plan, Do, Check, Action) and 5S (Seiri, Seiton, Seiso, Seiketsu, Shitsuke) principles, as well as measurements of effectiveness and efficiency ratios. The results of the study indicate that the implementation of Kaizen has a positive impact on the company’s financial performance. This is demonstrated by the achievement levels of PDCA implementation at 86.4% and 5S implementation at 100%. The Kaizen costing analysis yielded the most efficient cost level at RM 95,000 per month. The results of the effectiveness measurement show a Gross Profit Margin of 0.364% and an Operating Profit Margin of 0.172%. Meanwhile, the efficiency analysis recorded an input-output ratio of 1.48% and a profit-cost ratio of 0.89%. These findings confirm that the application of the Kaizen method enhances the effectiveness and efficiency of the Sales Department’s financial performance, as evidenced by significant measurable outcomes.