International Journal of Engineering Business
and Social Science
Vol. 1 No. 06, July-Augusts 2023, pages: 641-653
e-ISSN: 2980-4108, p-ISSN: 2980-4272
https://ijebss.ph/index.php/ijebss
641
Implementation of Building Component Drawing Automation to
Enhance Time Efficiency and Accuracy in the Construction
Planning Process
Juninawan
1
, Yulius Rief Alkhaly
2
, Rinaldi Mirsa
3
1,2,3
Universitas Malikussaleh, Indonesia
Email: yr.alkhaly@unimal.ac.id, juninawan.21221[email protected].id
Keywords
Abstract
AutoCAD® automation
based on NET C#,
Comparative Paired
sample two t-Test.
The use of automation in drawing within AutoCAD® based on NET C# is one solution
for time efficiency and accuracy in building component drawings. Typically,
AutoCAD® follows a command syntax concept of one command for one object (usual
command, UC) in building component drawings. However, utilizing automation in
AutoCAD® based on NET C# allows a single command syntax to be applied to multiple
objects, generating multiple outcomes (automatic command, AC). Through this
automation, typical drawings can be created by inputting data in a form and executing it
with a single button click, resulting in the immediate creation of typical drawings. The
automation of building component drawings aims to enhance time efficiency and
accuracy in drawing. The research methodology employs a quantitative approach with a
comparative design between two paired samples. A comparative study was conducted
with 10 respondents, allowing them to draw building components using two methods:
UC and a second method using AC. The time taken for drawing using UC and AC was
recorded, and from the recorded time data, an analysis of time efficiency and drawing
accuracy was performed. Time analysis was conducted using IBM SPSS 26 and Excel
applications. The analysis procedure used a paired sample two-tailed t-test with the
condition that if the sig. value < 0.05, then H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted, or if the
calculated t-value > tabulated t-value, then H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted. The
analysis results revealed a significant difference in time efficiency between the usual
command (UC) and automatic command (AC) methods. During the testing process,
accuracy testing of the automation program was also conducted, yielding high accuracy
results for the automation program. The research findings indicate that the
implementation of automation in drawing based on AutoCAD® and NET C#
significantly contributes to enhancing time efficiency and accuracy in building
component drawings.
© 2023 by the authors. Submitted
for possible open access publication
under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY SA)
license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/).
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1. Introduction
Construction management is the process of planning, organizing, controlling, and supervising all aspects
involved in the implementation of a construction project. Construction management includes the management of
human resources, financial resources, material resources, project time and risk. The main objective of construction
management is to ensure construction projects are completed efficiently, effectively, and in accordance with the
established requirements (Sahid, 2017).
The planning process in construction management is the initial and critical step in organizing and directing
the course of a construction project. At this stage the pre-design concept is transformed into a detailed and practical
plan that can be used for project execution. The planning process involves developing in-depth technical designs for
various aspects of the project, such as structural works, mechanical works, electrical works, and other civil works. It
is also at this stage that the process of describing in detail the structural components, electrical systems, mechanical
systems, and all other technical aspects related to the construction project is carried out.
The development of the pre-design stage will produce technical drawings, diagrams (gant charts, S curves,
and others), and documentation that provides a detailed explanation of construction design and technical specifications.
Drawing layouts and design details through the use of computer-aided design (CAD) software such as AutoCAD® has
become an important requirement for planning consultants. AutoCAD® is a software product from AutoDesk® is the
main choice for many planning consultants because of its proven ability to produce technical drawings with complete
drawing tools, and also provides opportunities for users to customize and automate tools that can increase the efficiency
of drawing time optimally.
In this case, the efficiency of the drawing time will have an impact on the total time required for the completion
of the entire work item in the consultant contract. It often happens, the duration of completion of consultant contracts
is relatively short because it is related to the grace period for physical auction of construction which must be completed
within 1 (one) current fiscal year. The short duration of the consultant's work is certainly very influential on the
accuracy of drawing, especially if the drawing done on AutoCAD® only uses single commands from the available
tools. In addition, there are also often errors in the drawing looping process due to the use of copy-paste commands
from the same detailed image but with different dimensions.
Moving on from the description above, in this study an automation program was developed in AutoCAD®
based on NET API C # for the looping process of drawing details of special typical drawings, in this case including
detailed depictions of building components, namely: continuous foundation, local tread foundation details, reinforced
concrete details, roof details, portal cut details. Automation that is designed by simply changing a certain size or
description will immediately generate detailed images automatically.
The use of AutoCAD® automation for drawing building components is expected to make the drawing process
more efficient in terms of time, cost and accuracy in construction planning.
The purpose of this study is how to implement drawing automation using AutoCAD NET-based automation
programs, how to compare (compare) time efficiency using the drawing method with automatic command (AC)
compared to the drawing method with the default AutoCAD®® command (usual command), and the reasons for the
difference (comparative) in drawing using the AC method with UC.
Based on the analysis described above, the problem formulation is made as steps in compiling research so
that it is structured, organized and schematic, as for the problem formulation in the study, namely How does the effect
of drawing automation on time efficiency, accuracy and how much time efficiency level uses automation drawing?
How can the procedure for implementing drawing automation be applied? How to compare (comparative) drawing
using automation with AutoCAD® built-in commands (usual command)?.
2. Materials and Methods
The research method used is to use quantitative research methods because it is related to data processing in
the form of numbers, namely processing time efficiency analysis, especially processing time analysis of drawing
implementation using automation (automatic command) compared (comparative) with drawing using the drawing
method using default commands in AutoCAD® (usual command, UC). For quantitative research designs, comparative
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design models are used, namely, comparing two samples in pairs, comparing the efficiency of the usual command
(UC) drawing time with the efficiency of the next automatic command (AC) drawing time for data processing analysis
with the help of SPSS application analysis and using Excel applications.
Data collection of building components is carried out at the consulting company CV. Graha Karya Consultant
located in Asir-Asir Atas Takengon Village, Lut Tawar District, Central Aceh Regency. Drawings of reinforced
concrete building components are the work of Detail Engineering Design (DED) SDN 10 Bebesen, Lut Tawar District,
Central Aceh Regency, the DED building component drawing items will be used as material for the implementation
of drawing using AutoCAD® software both by automatic command (AC) and by usual command (UC), for DED
drawings listed in APPENDIX C: Building Component Drawings.
3. Results and Discussions
Building Component Drawing Automation
Drawing building components using AutoCAD 2019, after AutoCAD®® opens, a palette display will appear
containing along with button names of commands from automation programs, drawing scenarios, by implementing
building components in Appendix C: Building Component Drawings, to be carried out the implementation of drawing
either using the usual command (UC) method or using the automatic command method (AC), the initial view of
automation can be seen in figure 4.1 below.
Figure 3.1 Initial display of program automation
Building Component Drawing Automation
Typical details
Typical details are detailed depictions of building components, such as detailed depictions of reinforced
concrete, continuous foundation details, local tread foundation details, light steel easel details and portal cut details, in
the discussion below will be described one by one the use of features and discussions.
Details of reinforced concrete
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Figure 4.2 Use of automation features of reinforced concrete
As previously explained about making column plan plans, there are 3 types of k1 column types with a size of
30 x 40 centimeters, k2 columns with a size of 20 x 30 centimeters, k3 columns measuring 13 x 13 centimeters, then
click the concrete button on the Palette menu. For the manufacture of k1 columns, input 0.3 meters wide and 0.4
meters high, then input the number of upper, middle and lower reinforcing iron and select the dimensions of the iron
size, select the diameter of the begel iron and the distance between the begels, input the name of the concrete title,
select the scale of the image and then click the run code button then the program will ask for the position of the concrete
detail place, click the coordinates of the concrete laying and finally the automation program will create a detailed
concrete drawing complete with size, Layer names repeat for columns of other types as well as for details of sloof,
blocks. For details see the image below.
Making concrete details is done by inputting data on the form after all the data is inputted then by pressing
the "RUN CODE" button the automation program will ask for the location of the concrete detail drawing, by clicking
any point the drawing will be directly created in AutoCAD® 2019 for the results of using the reinforced concrete
feature can be seen in figure 4.81 below.
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Figure 4.3 Concrete detail finish automation concrete features
Continuous foundation details
A screenshot of a computer Description automatically generatedGambar 4.67 Penggunaan Automasi garis
potongan (Gpot) ada 2 jenis tipe pondasi yakni tipe p1 dan p2, tipe p1 dengan ukuran lebar bawah pondasi 80 cm,
lebar atas pondasi 40 cm dan ketinggian pondasi 80 cm, sedangkan untuk tipe p2 lebar bawah pondasi 70 cm, lebar
atas pondasi 35 cm dan ketinggian pondasi 70 cm. untuk tipe p1A hanya perubahan ketinggian elevasi lantai dengan
selasar, selasar lebih rendah 5 centimeter dari ruangan. Klik tombol pondasi pada Palette pilih pondasi menerus pada
menu strip, selanjutnya input data untuk pondasi tipe p1-A (lihat gambar di bawah ini).
Figure 4.4 Data form Input on continuous foundation feature
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For filling foundation type type p1, p2 resize adjust in centimeters, change the scale as needed, change the
title of the foundation type drawing then press the "RUN CODE" button and insert the foundation base point. The time
required for one type of continuous foundation is 2 seconds for 3 types of continuous foundation the total time is 6
seconds.
Figure 4.5 Results of continuous foundation feature automation
The use of the continuous foundation feature is very helpful in depicting building components, because only
with the input of foundation size data and the scale of the drawing, the results are directly presented in AutoCAD®
accompanied by creating layers for each line including making hatches for each type of item. If using manual in
AutoCAD® will take a lot of time sometimes due to chasing time users often copy and paste from previous drawings
just by resizing without changing the drawings, this often occurs in the field during construction work, due to blurred
drawings unclear size, finally the project manager measuring with meters and there is a size error in continuous
foundation work. For the calculation of the running of the program is the same as the discussion of reinforced concrete
details, for filling out the form if there is data filled with text that should be numbers will not be able to be input so that
anticipate errors, if there is empty data the program automation will notify there is empty data.
Local tread foundation details
A computer screen shot of a building Description automatically generateddetail tapak setempat di atas lebih
rumit dari pembuatan detail pondasi menerus, mulai dari pengaturan jarak begel, jarak antara besi tapak, pemberian
layer ke masing-masing garis dan hatch akan memakan waktu yang banyak jika menggunakan cara-cara manual,
dengan menggunakan automasi penggambaran hanya perubahan input data dan keterangan maka gambar akan
langsung jadi di AutoCAD® disertai pilihan skala gambar, dimensi, nama layer, pemberian keterangan leader gambar,
pemberian hatch dan lain sebagainya secara otomatis dibuat oleh automasi.
Figure 4.87 Automated use of local tread foundation features
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In figure 4.87 above the filling steps for the local tread foundation input form, if previously it has been
inputted the width and height of the local tread foundation plan, just select in the site combo the type of local tread
foundation then the size of the tread plan will adjust the initial input, then on the form The figure above 4 ø 16 is for
the amount of column iron along with the diameter of the iron which can be seen in the manufacture of reinforced
concrete details (columns).
Figure 4.6 Local site feature automation results
Details of the light steel easel
Automate the detail features of the light steel easel, on the Palette menu by clicking the roof button, then
select the mild steel strip menu, input the roof width data divided by 2 (on the stretch of the easel used according to
the roof plan plan 10.50 meters divided by 2), input the angle or height of the easel select one if input The angle
then the height automatically changes to adjust the angle.
Figure 4.7 Use of automation features detailed easel
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In mild steel input data can be changed if the size of mild steel adjusts the specifications and type of mild
steel used, input data for mild steel in millimeters, adjust to the information on the label of the unit of measure used.
Figure 4.8 Results of using automation of the easel detail feature
Discussion Automation features detail light steel horses
The use of automation features of mild steel easel is very helpful in drawing because only with data input
in the input form then the image is made automatically, if using automatic command (AC) methods it will take a lot
of time because there are many items that must be done such as dividing the number of curtains With the same distance,
making a support frame for the easel and so on, automation of features if the user when inputting data using text on
the supposed number will not be able to be inputted because the system for alphabets is not activated if the input nature
is a number. The time needed to automate the detailed depiction of light steel horses by 2 seconds is very fast and the
time efficiency is very large when compared to drawing with the default AutoCAD® command (automatic command).
Portal slice details
To create a portal cut it should look at the floor plan on the symbol notation how much the cut does, and to
see the height of the beam and sloof should be seen at the sloof plan plan and beam plan plan. In the figure below
that will be created portal in notation B will be the same cut result with notation D for the width between columns
seen in notation 1-6 and the thickness of the elevation of the sloof and beam can be seen in the plan plan of the sloof
and the plan of the beam (for each elevation of the beam), beams with the thickness of the sloof 0.4 meters, pinch
beam 2.5 elevation 0.13 meters thick, 1st floor beam 0.4 meters thick at 4 meter elevation, 0.13 meters thick pinch
beam at 6.50 elevation and 0.3 meter thick beam ring at 7 meter elevation.
Figure 4.97 Results and use of the portal snippet feature automation
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The time required to create a portal chunk A=B (1-5) is 2 seconds, and the creation time of a portal chunk
2=5 (A,B,C,D) is 2 seconds the total time is 4 seconds. The use of the portal slice feature automation is very important
and very useful in speeding up work time, because the nature of the image is very complex to be drawn manually in
AutoCAD, with the portal image cut feature only input data then the image will be created automatically in AutoCAD®
®, if using the automatic command (AC) work method which must be offset In the past, the distance between the
begel, with the required size and size of the iron diameter and many built-in AutoCAD® commands used such as copy,
rotate, trim, extend, dimension and so on by using automation portal cut feature some of the commands above are
combined into one, layer creation For each type of type the line is created automatically. The program is also equipped
with if the input data is empty, the program will tell the user there is data that cannot be empty. In the name of the
typical detail creation command, everything is made in the input form because the data input is very complex and
complicated and the insert method to AutoCAD® is all the same, only asking for the location of the starting point
(base point) of the drawing to be inserted.
Depiction layout
With the multiple plot feature, it is very helpful to create layouts from models with one click, all images will
be neatly arranged in the layout and with one click the images will be saved and merged in one pdf file. If using the
usual command (UC) method you have to click one suitcase after another and in Zoom and so on too much time is
needed for the default UC command plot in AutoCAD®.
Figure 4.109 Use of multiple plot feature automation
Results of Time Efficiency and Accuracy
Time efficiency results
In table 4.2 below is the result of a recapitulation of the accumulated time calculation for each respondent,
for testing the time of each respondent listed in Appendix B.
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Table 4.1 UC and AC depiction time efficiency recap
Respondent
Number
Time of usual command
Time of automatic
command
Unit of Time
1
18493
531
Detik
2
18600
518
Detik
3
19576
533
Detik
4
19598
366
Detik
5
18300
528
Detik
6
16385
484
Detik
7
18000
715
Detik
8
18105
578
Detik
9
18634
744
Detik
10
19972
559
Detik
A. IBM SPSS application analysis results
For the requirements for the analysis of two paired samples, the data must be normal in Chapter III previously
discussed the same test requirements and computer specifications, and the ability of respondents is also the same so
that the data is normal, so there is no need to check whether the data is normal, to ensure whether the data is normal is
also done with the SPSS application.
Normality Test
Figure 4.11 Normality test results with SPSS
Results of normality test output analysis using SPSS application data usual command (conventional) sig value.
= 0.348 if the significance value (Sig.) > 0.05 then the data is normal , otherwise if the value of sig. < 0.05, the data is
abnormal, for the results of the significance value automation analysis (SIG.) = 0.256 > 0.05 then the data is normal.
Then it can be continued to test t two samples in pairs (Paired Samples t Test).
A close-up of a test Description automatically generatedpaired samples t test)
Figure 4.12 Results of t-test analysis of two samples in pairs SPSS
Output analysis results of SPSS significance value (sig.) = 0.000 < 0.05 so there is a huge difference in time
efficiency between drawing using usual commands (conventional) and automation in AutoCAD® software.
The results of the analysis use the value of t, the value of t-table (df = 9) = 2.261 while the value of t-count
from Figure 4.102 is 54.541, if t-calculate > t-table then there is a very large difference in time efficiency between
drawing using usual command (UC) and automatic command (AC) in AutoCAD® software.
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B. Excel application analysis results
Using Add in Analysis ToolPak
Figure 4.13 Analysis results using Excel's Add in Analysis ToolPak
The t-count value in figure 4.104 rounded 54.541 is the same as the t-calculated value using the SPSS
application, while the t-table value other than using the statute table (Table 3.4 The value of the r-table (SPSS Source
Indonesia.Com) can use the excel formula TINV(Probability, Degree Freedom) enter the Probability value 0.05 and
the degree freedom (df) value is 9 (or the number of data-1) then the t-table value = 2.261, the t-count value is 54.541
> 2.261 then there is a big difference in time efficiency of drawing using the usual command (UC) method with
automatic command (AC). Or by using the significance value of Figure 4.104 Analysis Results Using the Add in
Analysis ToolPak, the sig value. = 1.1775E-12 (1.1775 x 10-12 or equal to 0.00000000000001775 rounded equals
0.00), sig value. 0.00 < 0.05 then there is a large difference in time efficiency depiction using the usual command
method with automatic command.
Using Formula Ttest in Excel
Find the significance value with excel formula T.TEST(UC Data, AC Data, 2, 1) the result of significance
value equals 0.00 significance result equals sig value. If using the SPSS application or using the Excel Add in Analysis
tool pack.
Use manual formulas in Excel
Figure 4.14 Analysis of t value with Excel formula
In the picture above can be seen the value of t-count = 54.541429 the result is the same using the SPSS
application, Add in Analysis toolPak Excel and t-count value > t-table (54.541429 > 2.26157), from the comparison
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of several analysis methods above it can be concluded "there is a very large difference in time efficiency using the
usual command (UC) drawing method with the automatic command (AC) drawing method on AutoCAD® Software".
Accuracy test results
The results of testing the accuracy of the automation function of each respondent are attached to Appendix B.
The conclusion of the results of testing the accuracy of all functions of automation is 100% valid accuracy
4. Conclusion
There is a very large time difference using the way of drawing by means of automation because in general
AutoCAD® commands are one command for the execution of one object and for one result, on the contrary with
automation can be programmed for one command, for many objects and many results.
Automation of drawing building components can be made with one command (combining many commands
in one command) to draw as a whole, because there are typical patterns such as detailed depiction of reinforced
concrete, detailed depiction of continuous foundations, detailed depiction of local tread foundations, detailed depiction
of easel, depiction of portal pieces and so on, data input methods generally use forms, and the insert method to
AutoCAD® using the insert point of the base point of the detailed drawing.
Automation of the depiction of building components that cannot be customized with one command, examples
such as making column plan plans, frame plan plans and so on because the building components are dynamic (the
shape of the model is not always the same), so in its implementation there are several commands developed with
automation, in making floor plans there are similar patterns, namely offset commands from the center line (as line)
with distances to the right and left has the same value, and there is a common pattern there are trim and extend on the
lines that are offset, with automation helping the offset work of objects at once along with trim and extend at once and
there are other supporting commands such as making dimensions quickly with one selection, recapping object quantity
tables and so on.
Recommendations for construction practitioners and subsequent research that the depiction of building
components that are part of civil science, there are many patterns of similarity in repetition of depictions that continue
to occur, for example the depiction of cross section roads, typical depictions of building components considering that
it is necessary to automate the depiction but it needs to be a note that there are many types of program languages, if
program automation with inappropriate languages causes the nature of automation difficult to be implemented by users,
so sometimes the time efficiency between time efficiency between automation and the usual command (UC) method
is not achieved in accordance with the objectives (not effectiveness) as a recommendation to use automation with the
C # language which is rich in features, object calculation processing, interfaces, APIs and so on.
Recommendations for future research to further develop the use of NET AutoCAD-based® program
automation because of the ease of implementing program automation because the features of objects in NET are very
complete, other recommendations for future research so that typical building components are more complete types, for
example for roof details there are many types of roof shape details.
And further research recommendations further explore the use of NET AutoCAD by connecting AutoCAD
with several other applications such as Excel, Access and other applications that can be well integrated with
AutoCAD®®®.
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Andi Offset.
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Https://Www.Liputan6.Com/Hot/Read/4706956/7-Macam-Macam-Metode-Penelitian-Kuantitatif-Dan-
Penjelasannya