International Journal of Engineering Business

and Social Science

Vol. 1 No. 05, June 2023, pages: 476-478

e-ISSN: 2980-4108, p-ISSN: 2980-4272

https://ijebss.ph/index.php/ijebss

476

Anticipation of Embargo Sanctions in Implementing National

Defence

Charles Pasaribu

, Guntur Eko Saputro

, Lukman Yudho Prakoso

1,2,3

Universitas Pertahanan Republik Indonesia

Email: charleszealo[email protected],gunturekosaputroarm9[email protected], lukman[email protected]

Keywords

Abstract

Anticipation of Embargo

Sanctions; State Defense;

Defense Strategy.

In terms of cooperation for war equipment and other war needs, Indonesia needs

suppliers from outside, and it will have an impact on the country's continuous needs. If

there is an embargo against the country, it will be a big problem for national defense,

hence the need to anticipate the embargo sanctions in terms of state defense. The method

used in this study is a qualitative method based on a study of deep understanding and

also focuses on Anticipating Embargo Sanctions in Implementing State Defense. Steps

that need to be taken in anticipation of embargo sanctions against other countries, namely

not relying on one country or one bloc alone for cooperation in the field of national

defense and military needs, the need for consideration for cooperation with other blocs

in the world. The country must also be able to be independent in the needs of military

equipment, innovate and also make military equipment from within the country, and also

there is no longer dependence on other countries in terms of military equipment.

for possible open-access publication

under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY SA)

license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/).

1. Introduction

State defense is something that must be maintained in a country, state defense is also referred to as national

defense because of all efforts and efforts to defend the sovereignty of a State, territorial integrity and safety of all

nations from all kinds of threats and also disturbances to the integrity of the nation and state (Novana, 2012).

Indonesia's bilateral relations with other countries in the field of defense can make a positive contribution,

not only to the national interests of the two countries, but also to maintain the security, peace, and stability of the

region. (Sudarsono et al., 2018)

State Defense does not escape cooperation with various other countries in the world. Cooperation in defense

includes joint exercises between the armed forces of 2 countries, cooperation in supplying combat equipment,

prevention and countermeasures of terrorists between two or more different countries, flying exercises with combat

aircraft and also checking the boundaries of the two countries together. Cooperation between countries in terms of

national defense or national defense, it means that national defense still depends on other countries (Nurak et al., n.d.).

In terms of cooperation for war equipment and other war needs, we need outside suppliers, and it will have

an impact on the country's continuous needs. If there is an embargo against the country, it will be a big problem for

national defense, because for war equipment will be stopped suppliers from other countries, so it is necessary to

anticipate the embargo sanctions in terms of state defense. Embargo is defined as a ban on business and commerce

within a country. This word is often used in international trade and politics. An embargo is mentioned by a country

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IJEBSS Vol. 1 No. 05, Mei 2023, pages: 476-478

against another country to isolate it, thus causing the embargoed country's government to experience difficult internal

circumstances. The purpose of an embargo is usually to force a country to obey and submit to the country that carries

out the ban. In other words, the embargo is a weapon to paralyze the country's economy. If this ban lasts for a long

time, of course the people in the country will experience the impact. Public welfare decreases and can have an impact

on other sectors in a country.

Indonesia has been embargoed by the United States (US) due to gross human rights violations committed by

Indonesia against East Timor, which made the international community and other countries criticize Indonesia. The

US condemnation of Indonesia for this incident is a military embargo against Indonesia. An embargo is a ban on

business and trade with other countries. So military cooperation in terms of weapons and military training was

stopped (Indrayanti, n.d.).

In this problem, the country needs a way out so that there is no more embargo from other countries, or in

other words, it can stand alone by strengthening its domestic defense system and innovating national defense, in other

words, free from dependence on other countries in terms of state defense.

So, from the problems in this study, there must be a critical attitude in facing the anticipation of the country's

defense embargo sanctions. One of them is to anticipate embargo sanctions in carrying out state defense by doing in

accordance with the country's ability to determine the fate of a country.

2. Materials and Methods

The method used in this study is a qualitative method based on a study of in-depth understanding. Qualitative

research is a method used to understand the phenomena experienced by research subjects by describing in the form

of language, words, and special natural contexts (Sugiyono, 2019).

The scope of this research focuses on Anticipating Embargo Sanctions in Implementing State Defense. The

narrative approach is a method of research approach in the social sciences (Asfar & Taufan, 2019). Narrative analysis

is an analysis that is not standard, almost always intuitive, and uses themes created by the researcher himself

(Romdhoni, 2019).

3. Results and Discussions

In the case of Indonesia in terms of the sanctions embargo imposed by the US for 10 years, which occurred

from 1994 to 2005, the US had stopped selling weapons, including refusing to provide spare parts for the rejuvenation

of American-made TNI aircraft. As a result, many Indonesian Air Force fighter aircraft had to be grounded because

they did not have spare parts, such as F-16 Fighting Falcon aircraft, a number of F-5 Tiger aircraft, to C-130 Hercules

military transport aircraft which were entirely made in the US. The embargo made many Indonesian military aircraft

unable to fly even though they were in good condition, even relatively new. This makes TNI troops unable to maintain

the territorial sovereignty of the Republic of Indonesia.

Learning from previous problems, where Indonesia had been sanctioned with an embargo against countries

supplying war equipment from the US, the embargo carried out by the US greatly affected sovereignty and national

security. It will also have an impact on the performance of the Indonesian military due to the lack of supporting

equipment available (Purbani, 2010).

In conditions like this, it cannot be left alone, because the power of sovereignty and national security lies with

the Indonesian military. This makes many assumptions to find solutions and efforts in terms of the need for war

equipment and support in national security. There are several steps that need to be taken in anticipation of embargo

sanctions against other countries, namely not relying on one country or one bloc alone for cooperation in the field of

national defense and military needs, the need for consideration for cooperation with other blocs in the world, such as

the eastern bloc and also the western bloc with countries that are the source of production of the main equipment of

weapons systems (defense equipment) associated with Indonesia's national interests. This is an alternative if one of

the countries sanctions an embargo on national defense (Sukadis, 2018).

Cooperation in the field of defense does not also have to depend forever with other countries, the State must

also be able to be independent in the needs of military equipment, innovate and also make military equipment from

within the country. This must be done, considering that in the previous case and also there is no longer dependence

with other countries in terms of military equipment, although the Indonesian defense industry is still considered

minimal, but it can meet the most basic needs of national defense (Rahyuni, 2012).

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Given the minimal defense industry, but it will encourage to improve the quality of military products, so that

Indonesia does not have to depend on other countries, and can also save in terms of material and resources by

prioritizing quality that can compete in the global market (Hikmawati, 2023). If the country can already produce its

own military equipment and can also compete in the global market, it will also bring greater benefits to the State

because it can develop and determine the direction of the country in accordance with the ideology of the State without

being influenced by other countries. Not only that, Indonesia can also open cooperation between countries as a

supplier of materials and also the needs of military equipment with other countries.

4. Conclusion

There are some anticipations in embargo sanctions on State defense, which are contained from previous

Analysis, by making cooperation with several countries that will not impose embargo sanctions on the State, it can

also be an alternative or other way in the event of an embargo on state defense, and also make the defense industry in

its own country so that it is not always dependent on other countries, Making innovations and developing equipment

from within the country is one of the main ways for the country to be independent and can also be more profitable in

any way.

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