Collaborative Governance in Increasing
Original Regional Income
Rina Parlina 1, Fernandes
Simangunsong 2, Rizari 3, Tumpak Haposan 4
Government
Science; Institut Pemerintahan
Dalam Negeri, Indonesia
Email: [email protected],
[email protected],
[email protected]
Corresponding Author: Rina Parlina
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Abstract |
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Collaborative Governance, Regional Original Income, Bibliometric
Analysis, Public Administration, VOSviewer. |
This study aims to analyze the trends and developments in collaborative
governance research through a bibliometric approach, focusing on its
application in enhancing Regional Original Income (PAD). The research data
was obtained from the Scopus database up to 2023, resulting in 48 articles
analyzed using VOSviewer software. The findings
reveal a significant increase in publications on collaborative governance,
with key themes including multi-stakeholder collaboration, community
engagement, and resource management. The study identifies gaps in the
literature regarding the practical implementation of collaborative governance
in regional financial management. Furthermore, it offers recommendations for
policymakers to adopt effective collaborative models to optimize resource
management and enhance PAD. Thus, this research makes a significant
contribution to public administration studies and provides practical guidance
for local governments.
under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY SA) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). |
1�� Introduction
Collaborative
governance has emerged as a pivotal concept in public administration, aiming to
enhance multi-stakeholder participation in policy-making and implementation.
Globally, governance frameworks are shifting towards more inclusive and
participatory models to address complex societal challenges (Ansell & Gash,
2008). This trend is particularly relevant in enhancing regional income, as
collaborative efforts between governments, private sectors, and communities can
optimize resource utilization and foster sustainable development (Emerson et
al., 2012).
The growing
importance of collaborative governance is evident in international efforts to
address pressing issues such as climate change, public health, and economic
inequality. Research indicates that regions implementing collaborative
governance models achieve better outcomes in resource management and economic
growth (Agranoff, 2018). For instance, Scandinavian countries have successfully
utilized collaborative frameworks to strengthen regional economies through
participatory decision-making (S�rensen & Torfing, 2016). These models
highlight the potential of collaboration in enhancing public administration
effectiveness.
In
Indonesia, the concept of collaborative governance is relatively new but
increasingly relevant. Regional governments are adopting participatory
strategies to increase original regional income (Pendapatan
Asli Daerah, PAD). However, challenges such as inadequate stakeholder
engagement and limited institutional capacity hinder the effectiveness of these
efforts (Kurniawan & Nurmandi, 2021). The
implementation of collaborative governance in increasing PAD remains
underexplored, necessitating further investigation to understand its potential
and limitations (Yusuf et al., 2020).
The urgency
of this research lies in the need to bridge the gap between theory and practice
in collaborative governance. With global trends emphasizing sustainability and
inclusivity, regional governments must adopt innovative governance models to
remain competitive (OECD, 2022). Effective collaborative governance can address
inefficiencies in resource allocation and ensure equitable economic benefits
for all stakeholders (Hamudeng & Firmansyah,
2023). Understanding research trends and identifying gaps through bibliometric
analysis is crucial for advancing this field.
This study
introduces a bibliometric approach to explore the development of collaborative
governance research, emphasizing its application in increasing PAD. Unlike
previous studies that focus on theoretical frameworks, this research utilizes VOSviewer to map trends and identify future opportunities
in the field. By analyzing 48 Scopus-indexed articles, the study provides a
comprehensive overview of research growth and thematic focus areas,
contributing novel insights to the discipline of public administration (Farag
et al., 2021).
Existing
literature highlights the significance of collaborative governance in various
contexts. Ansell and Gash (2008) emphasize its role in fostering trust and
accountability among stakeholders. Emerson et al. (2012) identifies
collaborative governance as a mechanism to achieve adaptive management and
resilience in public policy. Meanwhile, S�rensen and Torfing (2016) explore its
application in co-creating public value. However, there is limited research on
its practical implementation in increasing regional income, particularly in
Indonesia (Misbahuddin, 2017; Yusuf et al., 2020).
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Step |
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Description |
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Results (Document) |
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1 |
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The database was taken
from the Scopus search engine. Access date is 5th December 2023 at around
14.57 WIB |
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2.856 |
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2 |
Publication restrictions in the
subject area: Social Science, throughout the year until 2023 |
1.642 |
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3 |
The type of document selected
is articles only, all authors'
names are selected with limitations
on source type, journal limitations and
the language used
is English. |
48 |
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Literature Review: 1.
Data analysis and
literature mapping via Scopus
and VOS viewer. 2.
Evaluate and analyze
literature to identify article growth and research possibilities |
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Figure 1. Data
Collection Stages
Source: Processed by researchers 2023
After 48 articles were obtained through
the Scopus search
engine, they were then
processed using VOSviewer. RIS Format export and CSV
data from Scopus are saved for
processing in VOSviewer to determine article growth
and future research opportunities.
This helps various parties to conduct research on relevant topics regarding collaborative governance
in the realm of Public Administration Science.
This study
aims to analyze the growth and trends of collaborative governance research
using bibliometric tools, providing insights into the evolution of this field.
By identifying thematic focus areas and existing research gaps, the study seeks
to contribute to a deeper understanding of collaborative governance.
Furthermore, it explores the potential applications of collaborative governance
in enhancing original regional income (PAD), particularly within the context of
public administration and regional development.
The findings
of this study are anticipated to offer multiple benefits. From a policy
perspective, the research is expected to inform policymakers about effective
collaborative governance models that can be implemented to optimize regional
income. Academically, the study advances the field of public administration by
providing empirical insights derived from the bibliometric analysis,
facilitating a better understanding of research trends and directions.
Practically, the study offers actionable recommendations for implementing
collaborative governance strategies in regional settings, aiming to enhance
resource management and encourage active stakeholder participation. These
benefits collectively emphasize the importance of collaborative governance as a
tool for fostering sustainable regional development and effective public
administration.
2�� Materials and Method
The findings
from Scopus and VOSviewer data processing are divided
into several analyses, as follows: Document
search is limited to articles only. The subject of the article was chosen from social sciences by considering suitability for the researcher's background and then focused on Government Science.
Of the 2856 documents found
through searching for the keyword "collaborative governance", the
most search results were in social sciences,
namely 1642 documents
or 34.5% compared
to other fields. Document search results for the lowest position in each
field were 83 documents or 1.7% in Decision
Sciences, 138 documents
or 2.9% in the field of Arts and Humanities, 150 documents or
3.1% in the field of Economics Science, 178
documents or 3.7% in the field of Medicine Sciences, 211 documents or 4.4% in the field of Mathematics, 268
documents or 5.6% in the field of Business and
Management Sciences, 443 documents or 9.3% in the field of engineering,
446 documents or 9 .4% in the field of Environmental sciences, 754 documents or 16% in
the field of Computer Sciences 400 documents or 9.3% in the fields of various other sciences besides those mentioned above.
Visually it can be seen in Figure 2 below:
Figure 2. Distribution
of collaborative governance research by subject area
Source: Scopus data processing via VOSviewer 2023
3�� Results and Discussions
Based on the results of the research documents
above, collaborative governance research is more dominantly carried
out in the realm of Government Science. This helps researchers to emphasize that state of
the art research is one of the Government Science studies that is worthy of research
in accordance with
empirical developments and social policy
practices. Social sciences
talk a lot about collaborative governance because it is a tool for the government in implementing policies, especially in this research regarding increasing Regional Original
Income. Next, the researcher
examines the results of annual research document data processing based on sources that publish research
results. From the processed data,
it is known that the sources
for collaborative governance studies, especially in 2022, are mostly produced
from lecture notes in Computer
Science. This opens up opportunities for collaborative governance
researchers in Government
Science to further
increase the productivity of research writing
in various Scopus journals.
Visually,
it can be seen as
below:
Figure 3. Results of Collaborative Governance Research Documents
Source: Scopus data processing via VOSviewer 2023
Next, the researcher looked
at the trend in writing
collaborative governance research from 1976 to 2024. Since 1976,
there has been a positive movement in collaborative
governance research which is marked by a tendency
to increase the number of research in
that period. The peak will be in 2022 with 231 research documents successfully published on Scopus. Meanwhile, when this
research was conducted in 2022, it was
the highest number of collaborative governance research writings.
Figure 4. Research Trends in Collaborative Governance Research
Source: Scopus data processing
via VOSviewer 2022
Collaborative governance research generally
highlights how governance relates to government functions
in handling public affairs. Based on this, it can be said that considering the importance of the government's role in
regulating the pattern and
implementation of relations to meet the needs and interests of society as a policy target. Next, the researcher
presents research data based on country of origin, as below:
Figure 5. Research Trends Based on Country
of Origin
Source: Scopus data processing via VOSviewer 2023
The most productive country
of origin for research in collaborative governance writing is the United States,
followed by the United Kingdom and China.
Meanwhile, Indonesia, seen from the results of Scopus data processing, has not succeeded in entering the category
of the 10 highest countries producing collaborative
public governance research. This provides a new opportunity for researchers in Indonesia to further intensify
policy network research on various dimensions
related to the government's role in implementing certain policies on policy
targets.
Figure 6. Research topics related to Collaborative Governance
Source: Scopus data processing
via VOSviewer 2023
Processing the threshold data, 4550 research themes related to policy networks were obtained, which then
resulted in 55 thresholds. The trend is among
the 4,550 policy network research themes that were most frequently
carried out by researchers from
2010 to 2011. Several research topics related to policy networks include talking about their relevance to
change, analysis, practice, case study (case
study) and others according to
the picture above.
The author's
next literature review effort is to look at the existence of collaborative governance research among
other policy research. Visualization of VOSviewer data
processing results can be seen as follows:
Figure 7. Visualization of the Existence of Collaborative Governance Research Source:
Processed by researchers,
2023
From the results of data processing contained in the density visualization of various policy
themes, it was found that collaborative governance research has become a trend among other policy contexts.
In explaining collaborative governance, of course
it will be related
to policy analysis, changes, policy impacts,
policy structures, various
research loci as well as cases or issues and/or
phenomena that are based
on certain policies by a government.
Researchers
also added several international and national studies that are relevant
to the theme studied, namely collaborative governance, to serve as supporting
references. Most previous researchers used the words collaborative governance and policy networks together.
Ferlie et al., 2011 in their research entitled public policy networks
and 'wicked problems': A nascent solution? Presents the results of research that explores the nature and
function of different public policy networks.
The research results
state that public
policy must be given time to develop
considering the many problems that need to be faced. Furthermore, McGinnis, 2011 in research entitled
Networks of Adjacent Action Situations in Polycentric
Governance stated that the expansion of the Institutional Analysis and Development (IAD) framework which analyzes
policy networks in it stated that there was an expansion
of 3 policies including lobster
fisheries policy, international development assistance, contribution-based religion in America.
From the results of the analysis
of information exchange,
Leifeld & Schneider, 2012 in research entitled
Information Exchange in Policy Networks found that research results
show the influence
of similarities in preferences that are absorbed by institutional, relational and social structures. Furthermore, Stephenson, 2013 in research entitled Twenty years of
multi-level governance: 'Where Does It Come
From? What Is It? Where Is It Going? Confirms the research results that multi-level governance (MLG) is developing as a conceptual framework for creating
policy-making activities carried
out within and between political- administrative institutions. Almost the same as Stephenson's
research, 2013, there is research
entitled Network analysis
of actors and policy keywords
for sustainable environmental governance: Focusing on Chinese environmental policy. The research results suggest that
environmental governance and networks are still at an early stage and the Chinese government's strong strength lies
in environmental policy. Another
international researcher, namely Croese et al., 2020, through the research
title Localizing the sustainable development goals through the lens of urban resilience: Lessons and learnings
from 100 resilient cities and Cape Town, presents
research results that reflect learning from Cape Town's experience in the relationship between city network policies global post-2015.
Several
national studies that are references in this research are entitled Policy
Networks in the Formation of Semarang City Regional Regulations Number 6 of 2012
concerning Waste Management. The research results obtained are that the waste problem is the main problem
faced by big cities; the policy formulation stage
is a crucial stage for the formulation of good policies. Good Governance firmly
desires the active
role of the private sector
and society in the formulation and implementation
so as to support the formation of policy networks. The results of the research have not yet created policy
formulation and normative
integrity, this is because there
has not been wider space for the government and private sector
in the process of formulating regional regulations regarding
waste management. Furthermore, Hidayat et al., 2015 in
their research entitled Public Policy Network
Model (Policy Formulation of the Ammatoa Kajang Indigenous Community in Bulukumba Regency) found that there
were weaknesses in policy formulation for the
Ammatoa Kajang Indigenous
Community where the Regional Government dominated the number of actors in the policy formulation team. However, community
actors (NGOs) succeeded
in bridging the interests of indigenous communities, but the placement of Labbiriyah as the representative of indigenous communities in the formulation team was
considered inappropriate, because the Head of Kajang sub-district was
appointed as Labbiriyah and tended to present the interests of the Regional
Government rather than the interests
of indigenous communities in the policy
formulation process.
Research entitled
collaborative governance in the Implementation of Traditional
Market Development in Bantul Regency by Huda & Ahdiyana,
2016 found that government
collaboration has not been managed well. This can be seen from: the management of relations
between actors does not yet have a permanent
communication platform, there are actors who do not play an active role in implementing policies, it is difficult to communicate resource
needs to members
of the policy network, the
implementation of the policy network has not been able to utilize the potential for strategic
cooperation and support modifies the interests of all actors in policy
implementation.
As for
Subhan, in 2017 in his research entitled Coal transportation policy network in Jambi Province, viewed from a
good governance perspective, research results
showed that behind the financial contribution to the region, it turns out that coal also causes complex problems
in Jambi Province,
namely in terms of transportation. The mobilization of
transport trucks on public roads has caused damage
along the roads they travel even though there are regional regulations prohibiting this. This paper examines the
problem from the public policy aspect, namely
by using a collaborative governance approach. The key to the solution is law enforcement and policy support from
the district government for provincial government policies.
Finally, Dodi Alex Reza (2019) in his research on Government
Collaboration in the Management of Special Economic Zones (KEK) Case Study in the Tanjung
Api-Api Area, South
Sumatra Province stated
the findings that there
is an important aspect, namely
authority (Authority) in the policy
network concept of each actor
/stakeholders have equal authority, but what happens
is that the authority of the Banyuasin
Regional Government is smaller than the authority of the Provincial Government in managing
special economic zones.
In the context of regional
autonomy, regional governments have great authority
in managing and regulating the potential that exists in their regions
(decentralization). Meanwhile, the provincial government is a representative of the Central
Government (Deconcentration).
4�� Conclusion
This study demonstrates that collaborative governance is an increasingly essential approach in public administration, particularly in efforts to enhance Regional Original Income (PAD). Through bibliometric analysis, the research reveals a significant growth in collaborative governance studies from 1976 to 2024, with the peak occurring in 2022. This trend underscores the relevance of collaborative governance as an effective policy tool to address complex public challenges. The analysis highlights those countries such as the United States, the United Kingdom, and China are the main contributors to collaborative governance research. Meanwhile, Indonesia has yet to rank among the top ten contributing countries, presenting an opportunity to enhance related research nationally. In the Indonesian context, the study finds that collaborative governance can serve as a strategic solution to policy challenges and support more effective resource management. This study also identifies gaps in the literature concerning the implementation of collaborative governance, particularly in regional financial management. The findings make a significant contribution to the development of public administration theory and practice. Theoretically, the study expands the understanding of collaborative governance research trends. Practically, it provides strategic recommendations for policymakers to adopt collaborative governance models involving various stakeholders to enhance PAD.
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