International Journal of Engineering Business

and Social Science

Vol. 2 No. 04, March-April 2024, pages: 1243-1255

e-ISSN: 2980-4108, p-ISSN: 2980-4272

https://ijebss.ph/index.php/ijebss

Redesigning Tourism Community Participation Management:

Integrating Digital Technology with the Soft Systems

Methodology (SSM) Approach

Retnowati

*, Eko Nur Wahyudi

, Sunardi

Universitas Stikubank, Semarang, Indonesia

Email: Retnowati@edu.unisbank.ac.id

Keywords

Abstract

Community Collective

Engagement (CCE); Soft

Systems Methodology

(SSM); Multifactor

Evaluation Process

(MFEP); Tourism

Awareness Group;

Participatory Innovation.

The soft systems methodology (SSM) method is used in this study to address the

perspective of community collective engagement (Participation with the

community) in the context of tourist awareness groups. This study aims to develop

a new model that can increase community engagement using digital technology for

tourist objectives. This research examines difficulties and formulates novel digital

technology solutions through case studies on tourist awareness groups. The

findings of this study suggest that the SSM method may give a comprehensive

picture and enable the building of relevant and successful models. This study

contributes significantly to our understanding of how to improve community

engagement in technology-based tourist situations.

for possible open-access publication

under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY SA)

license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/).

1. Introduction

The tourism industry has undergone a significant transformation with the adoption of digital technology.

While this technology opens up new opportunities, tourism-conscious groups (Pokdarwis), which have an

essential role in destination development, face the challenge of participating and effectively utilizing digital

technology. Pokdarwis is a local community that plays a role in promoting and preserving tourist destinations.

Developing local tourism is essential in improving the economy and welfare of the community, including

Pokdarwis. In this context, community collective engagement (CCE) is a relevant approach to integrate active

community participation in decision-making (Barnes et al., 2014) related to tourism development.

In the digital era, the use of technology such as mobile applications, social media, and other online

platforms can expand the positive impact of this Pokdarwis community. Digital technologies can improve

communication, manage data, and provide tools that enable community participation in decision-making.

However, significant obstacles must be overcome, such as lack of access to technology, lack of understanding,

and challenges in integrating technology into conservation efforts and tourism promotion. This is supported by

research results that state that understanding communities is more effective if supported by technology-based

tourism initiatives (Umam & Astuti, 2022), (Rukman, Marliani, Muharram, & Yunan, 2023), (Yaakop, Bagul, &

Ismail, 2021). Therefore, it is necessary to identify innovative solutions that can help travel-conscious groups

(Setiawan, 2022), (Pratiwi, Oetomo, Pl, Asbi, & Hut, 2019) overcome these obstacles and utilize digital

technology (Li, 2020)–(Jari & Lauraéus, 2019) more effectively. The existence of pokdarwis participating in

1244 e-ISSN: 2980-4108 p-ISSN: 2980-4272 IJEBSS

IJEBSS Vol. 2 No. 04, Merch-April 2024, pages: 1243-1255

managing tourism in their area needs to be optimized, so a framework is required to understand the complex

dynamics of pokdarwis as part of Community Collective Engagement (CCE).

The Dynamics Soft Systems Methodology (SSM) approach can be used as a framework for developing

conceptual models (Trenerry et al., 2021)–(Wang, Liu, & Mingers, 2015) because SSM is specifically designed

to address complex and ambiguous problems. SSM helps detail, analyze, and formulate problems by involving

various stakeholders and understanding Pokdarwi's perspectives. The SSM approach can provide a holistic

view to identify differences in perceptions and goals between the multiple parties involved in CCE, such as

Polaris and others. Thus, SSM helps formulate conceptual models that understand the complex dynamics and

conflicts between various elements in the CCE. Therefore, this study aims to develop a new model to strengthen

community participation in utilizing digital technology for tourist purposes. In this case, the main focus refers

to innovation in the context of community participation and digital technology (Latuperissa, 2020).

This study also wants to know the aspects that will be the basis for the success indicators of conceptual models

using the Multi-factors Evaluation Process (MFEP) algorithm. MFEP is also one of the methods in the realm of

SSM (Tarifu, Equatora, Abdullah, & Saragih, 2021), (Xu, Guan, Shi, & Blersch, 2018), which can be used to

determine the best priority level in several aspects considered in various fields. In this study, the indicators of

model success with the SSM approach are efficiency, efficacy, and effectiveness. The study aims to develop

innovative models to strengthen community participation in technology-based tourism. At the same time, the

benefits involve increased understanding, creative solutions, scientific contributions, and community

participation.

This research will make valuable contributions to knowledge in community participation, technology-

based tourism, and using SSM as a research approach. In this case, increasing community participation

positively impacts the development and sustainability of technology-based tourist destinations.

Community collective engagement, or CCE, is an essential concept in the tourism industry, mainly if

applied to increase the number of people working there. This is due to the realization that tourism is becoming

one of the important economic sectors in many countries, which can provide significant financial benefits (Pane

et al., 2021); (Moric, Pekovic, Janinovic, Perovic, & Griesbeck, 2021). Community Collective Engagement (CCE)

refers to the active and collaborative participation of diverse community members in the decision-making,

planning, implementation, and evaluation processes of various projects that affect the lives of the community.

This idea highlights the need for community involvement in shaping policies, initiatives, or projects that impact

ecological, social, cultural, and economic well-being. The concept of CCE is, first, participation and collaboration,

which allows people to share information, knowledge, and different points of view to achieve common goals.

Second is joint decision-making, and third is capacity building. Fourth, Transparency and Accountability.

Involvement in Planning and Implementation. Sustainability and Empowerment. Positive impact.

MFEP is a quantitative method that uses a weighting system (Retnowati Retnowati, Wahyudi, & Anis,

2022), (Warnilah, Purnia, Adiwisastra, Sutisna, & Ardianto, 2020), (Honorata Ratna Putranti Retnowati &

Danang, 2022). Aspects of success indicators of the model to be implemented. This context is essential in

decision-making so that the main elements agreed upon get a priority picture for Pokdarwis and decision-

makers. All critical criteria in making considerations are given appropriate weighting. The same steps are taken

on alternative aspects to be selected and evaluated about these consideration factors. The MFEP method

determines that the alternative with the highest value is the best solution based on the criteria that have been

selected. The formula used in MFEP can be explained in formula points (1) and (2), which begin by determining

the indicators, criteria, and weights of each criterion as the primary source of counters in MFEP (Xu et al., 2018).

The next step is to calculate the evaluation weight value (NBE) with the formula:

NBE = NBF * NEF (1)

Information:

NBE = Evaluation Weight Value

NBF = Value Weight Factor

NEF = Value Evaluation Factor

Once the NBE can be calculated, the next step is to calculate the total evaluation weight (TBE) with the

formula:

TBE = NBE1 + NBE2 + NBE3 + .......NBEn (2)

IJEBSS e-ISSN: 2980-4108 p-ISSN: 2980-4272 1245

IJEBSS Vol. 2 No. 04, March-April 2024, pages:

Information:

TBE = Total Evaluation Weight

NBE = Evaluation Weight Value

Once the TBE can be calculated, the next step is to rank for a decision. CCE is an essential basis for

understanding that community involvement is significant in strengthening tourism management, especially

Polaris, which must be sharpened by using information technology and digitalization because the current era

of tourism is in the digital transformation era. Therefore, it is necessary to build a conceptual model of tourism

management by local communities with an SSM approach that strengthens the use of information and digital

technology by clarifying the success aspects of the model in terms of efficiency, effectiveness, and efficacy

measurably using MFEP.

2. Materials and Methods

This research uses a mixed methods approach, combining qualitative (SSM) and quantitative (MFEP).

The locus of the case study was conducted on pokdarwis in the city area of Semarang, Central Java. Based on

the method and substance of the research, all kinds of data related to the research topic will be used as primary

data to help the analysis process. The data collection strategy is observation and in-depth interviews with

sources as primary data. Secondary data are based on intellectual studies from various sources. This study's

qualitative data analysis strategies include a) data categorization, b) data description, and c) data interpretation.

Data analysis was carried out using unique methods to strengthen the idea of collective involvement of

pokdarwis communities in tourism management by improving information technology and digitalization.

After the data is collected, analysis is carried out with the SSM approach in seven stages; where after the

conceptual model can be described, the resource person is asked for opinions on the model that has been

formed to get agreement. Furthermore, from the aspects of efficiency, effectiveness, and efficacy, indicators

whose weights will be agreed upon by the resource persons, the main priority level will be calculated using

MFEP. The final ranking results of these indicators are used to improve and revise previously built models using

SSM. Figure 2 shows the research methods used as a guideline for conducting research. The findings of the SSM

stages will be reported based on three groupings, as follows:

1. Stages 1-2 SSM, in this section, discusses the results and information related to the findings of problems in

the field or problems in tourism activities in Pokdarwis about information technology transformation and

digitalization.

2. Stages 3-4-5 SSM, in this section, describes three things, namely:

a) the results of the evaluation of researchers and informants, who then compile a root definition by

understanding the point of view of the resource person/participant to build a CCE-based tourism

management model with IT optimization and digitalization

b) build a conceptual model that contains the activities that have been carried out and that need to be done;

c) comparison of conceptual models with actual conditions in the field.

3. In stages 6-7, SSM aims to identify feasible and systemically feasible changes and produce recommendations

for changes that can be implemented so that an appropriate system can be obtained with pokdarwis

conditions

1246 e-ISSN: 2980-4108 p-ISSN: 2980-4272 IJEBSS

IJEBSS Vol. 2 No. 04, Merch-April 2024, pages: 1243-1255

Figure 1. Research Methods

3. Results and Discussions

The problems faced by tourism awareness groups in the Semarang city area were understood through

in-depth observations and interviews with informants. The collected data is analyzed using an SSM approach

with seven stages of completion. The first stage is the identification of unstructured problems. Table 1 describes

the identification of the issues in the activities of tourism activists, which is a form of the creation of CCE that is

associated with the use and optimization of information technology in the digital era.

Table 1

Problem Analysis

No.

Problems

Identification

Lack of participation of

Pokdarwis in the use of

tourism applications

• Pokdarwis in tourist locations have limited access

and interest in promoting new tourist attractions

through digital tourism applications.

• An understanding of the importance of tourism

promotion using information technology and

digitalization is required

Discrepancy of Pokdarwis'

expectations with existing

information technology,

where existing needs and

applications are not yet

relevant

• mismatch between available information

technology features and capabilities with the

expectations and needs of travel-conscious groups

• Technology adjustment is needed by identifying

the specific needs of tourism-conscious groups

and developing or adjusting information

technology to match the expectations and needs of

Polaris

The data and information

disseminated are not

maintained so that the

information disseminated is

• The inability of HR to manage and maintain the

continuity of updating data and information on

existing applications

IJEBSS e-ISSN: 2980-4108 p-ISSN: 2980-4272 1247

IJEBSS Vol. 2 No. 04, March-April 2024, pages:

not in sync with the current

state

• HR who understand how to update data and

information is needed

• Cost support is needed to keep information

management activities running properly

From the problem analysis in Table 1, a description of the situation is carried out using the principle of

the rich picture, as shown in Figure 3. Figure 3 shows that the sustainability of pokdarwis participation in

tourism management is a shared responsibility between the community, media, government, education, and

academics. The community, as the primary source of Polaris, is the host and is the leading actor in carrying out

the process of managing and developing tourism in its area. Tourists can be accommodated well when the

community provides optimal services and facilities. In contrast, the government provides support related to

optimizing human resources for tourism and participating in supervising the development of tourist attractions.

With the creation of synergy and coordination between stakeholders, it is hoped that local communities can

develop and manage new tourist attractions in the Semarang area using the principles of CCE. The involvement

is intended as a form of CCE implementation considering information technology utilization and digitalization.

Based on the rich picture, it can be seen that the main obstacles faced by Pokdarwis indicate the need for

improvement, improvement, and strengthening, which will be explained in the CATWOE analysis table (table

2). CATWOE Analysis is an acronym for CATWOE Analysis consisting of Consumer, Actor, Transformation,

Worldview, Owner &; Environment. CATWOE analysis is an analysis where the researcher is at the abstraction

stage, meaning not in the real world. Still, the basis of the abstraction context is the result of collective data

derived from the real world.

1248 e-ISSN: 2980-4108 p-ISSN: 2980-4272 IJEBSS

IJEBSS Vol. 2 No. 04, Merch-April 2024, pages: 1243-1255

Figure 2. Rich Picture

Table 2

Analyses CATWOE

Acronym

Analysis

Details

C(Customer)

Customers who receive proceeds from

the utilization of information technology

by travel-conscious groups

tourists, destination

visitors, and interested

parties in the promotion of

tourist destinations.

IJEBSS e-ISSN: 2980-4108 p-ISSN: 2980-4272 1249

IJEBSS Vol. 2 No. 04, March-April 2024, pages:

A(Actor)

Actors who act and participate in the

use of information technology

Members of travel

awareness groups are

involved in the use of

information technology, as

well as digital literacy

training providers,

instructors, and

management of travel

awareness groups.

T(Transformation)

How information technology is changing

the process or activity of a travel-

conscious group

Transformation involves

using information

technology to promote

tourist destinations,

communicate information

to customers, and facilitate

interaction with travelers.

W(Worldview)

worldviews or perspectives that

support or hinder the use of information

technology by travel-conscious groups

Worldviews can vary,

including beliefs about the

benefits of information

technology, digital literacy

challenges, and

relationships with

technology in travel

contexts.

O(Owner)

are those who own or manage initiatives

on the use of information technology by

travel-conscious groups

The owner is the tourism-

conscious group itself, the

local government, or any

other entity supporting the

initiative, IDUKA, academia

E(Environment)

External factors or environmental

constraints affecting the utilization of

information technology by travel-

conscious groups

Environmental constraints

could include access to IT

infrastructure, tourism

regulations, or economic

factors.

Root Definition:

A model of developing Pokdarwis participation through actively adopting and utilizing

information technology and digitalization by planning digital literacy training programs, tourism

applications, and information technology resources so that Pokdarwis benefit from increasing

their participation in using information technology and digitalization for tourism promotion.

Performance Optimization Measurement

Efficiency

Control the digital literacy training process and ensure the efficient use of

resources such as time, effort, and budget.

Measurement of its indicators:

1. Time required to complete a digital literacy training program per

member.

2. The budget spent on digital literacy training programs is compared to the

benefits generated.

1. Time spent publishing content online.

Effectiveness

Evaluate the achievement of tourist destination promotion goals.

Measurement of its indicators:

1. The percentage increase in tourist visits after using information

technology for promotion.

1250 e-ISSN: 2980-4108 p-ISSN: 2980-4272 IJEBSS

IJEBSS Vol. 2 No. 04, Merch-April 2024, pages: 1243-1255

2. The level of satisfaction of travelers who have used the information

provided by travel-conscious groups through technology.

1. Convert a tourism website or app visit to a physical visit to a destination.

Efficacy

Pokdarwis members have gained increased skills in the use of information

technology.

Measurement of its indicators:

1. Percentage of Pokdarwis members who have completed digital literacy

training.

2. Increased digital literacy before and after training, measured by

technology knowledge tests.

1. The level of trust of Pokdarwis members in using information technology

for destination promotion.

With the performance assessment based on the formulation above, it is expected that the performance

of the conceptual model of CCE-based Pokdarwis participation development can be realized optimally. In the

conceptual model in Figure 4, nine main and three control activities are needed to achieve the objectives.

Figure 3 Conceptual Model of CCE-Based Pokdarwis Participation Development

In this stage, the conceptual model that has been built needs to be compared to the problem situation

(real world) so that recommendations can be obtained and realized. With measurable recommendations, there

is expected to be a formulation of suggestions for action steps for improvement, improvement, and change in

real-world situations. The comparison of conceptual and real-world models is described as shown in Table 3.

Table 3

Comparison of Conceptual and Real-world Models

ACTIVITY

REAL WORLD

RECOMMENDATIONS

Understand ongoing

Pokdarwis activities.

Limitations of

Pokdarwis human

resources on the

Increase

Knowledge and insights

IJEBSS e-ISSN: 2980-4108 p-ISSN: 2980-4272 1251

IJEBSS Vol. 2 No. 04, March-April 2024, pages:

understanding and use

of Information

Technology and

Digitalization

in the form of information

technology literacy and digitalization

for tourism promotion [increased IT

and Digital literacy]

Identify issues,

problems, and potential

existing resources

Tourism Villages

Thematic Villages are

tourist attractions with

a high intensity of

visits.

There is already

management by

Pokdarwis, but

strengthening

promotion using

information technology

and digitalization has

not been the main

focus so that it can

interfere with the

sustainability of

existing tourist

destinations.

Maximizing resources and

information technology and

digitalization to support the

expansion of tourism promotion

[strengthening IT resources and

digitalization]

ACTIVITY

REAL WORLD

RECOMMENDATIONS

Growing awareness of

Pokdarwis to actively

participate in using IT

and Digitalization

Participation and

initiation

Pokdarwis in

optimizing information

technology and

digitalization

takes place in a

sporadic and yet

sustainable

Organizing mentoring and up-

skilling for pokdarwis members on

information technology and

digitalization to expand and

strengthen tourism promotion media

[increased IT and Digital literacy]

Strengthening the

Pokdarwis organisation

Pokdarwis

management has not

been fully

strengthened with the

support of information

technology and

digitalization, which is

currently owned. Not

all are managed and

maintained correctly,

so data and

information are not

updated correctly.

Assisting and strengthening

pokdarwis with governance

supported by information

technology and digitalization while

ensuring maintenance is carried out

continuously. [increased IT and

Digital literacy]

Formulate Pokdarwis

activities to strengthen

the use of IT and

Digitalization.

Pokdarwis does not yet

have a measurable and

targeted agenda for

tourism promotion

programs utilizing IT

and digitalization.

Provide assistance to develop

measurable, directed, and well-

documented plans for promotional

activities utilizing IT and

digitalization [increasing IT and

Digital literacy]

1252 e-ISSN: 2980-4108 p-ISSN: 2980-4272 IJEBSS

IJEBSS Vol. 2 No. 04, Merch-April 2024, pages: 1243-1255

Implement

activity management

plan prepared and

agreed upon by

Pokdarwis

The implementation of

IT-based promotion

development plans and

digitalization is still

spontaneous and not

continuous

Realizing controlled and evaluated

IT-based promotion and

digitalization development activities

through continuous assistance

[strengthening IT resources and

digitalization]

Formulate Pokdarwis

activity procedures for

IT optimization and

Digitalization.

Procedures and

support of resources

and funds for

developing IT-based

promotion and

digitalization have not

been well presented

and documented.

Preparation of standard operating

procedures to manage, develop, and

control pokdarwis activities for IT-

based tourism promotion and

digitalization [strengthening IT

resources and digitalization]

Build and develop

Pokdarwis' skills and

understanding of

Information Technology

literacy and

Digitalization for

tourism.

The lack of human

resources prevents

skills in IT and

digitalization.

Optimizing existing Pokdarwis

human resources, working with

human resources outside Pokdarwis

to provide ongoing assistance

[strengthening IT resources and

digitalization]

Pokdarwis become

Actors and Beneficiaries

through Community

Collective Engagement

(CCE)--based activities.

Pokdarwis conducts

voluntary tourism

promotion activities,

not maintaining

continuity and novelty

of information by

utilizing social

networks and

smartphones only.

Pokdarwis has planned, controlled,

and evaluated promotional activities,

getting support from IT resources

and digitalization, continuous

assistance so that its participation

has an impact on increasing tourists

and the welfare of pokdarwis

members and the community

[strengthening IT resources and

digitalization]

The results of the comparison of conceptual and real-world models obtained two main

recommendations, namely (1) strengthening IT resources and digitalization (P1) and (2) increasing IT and

Digital literacy (P2), where these recommendations must involve the main actors, namely Polaris (society) with

the support of the academic world, the business world and the world of work (dudika), the government and the

media, to present the level of closeness of CCE that ensures the continuity of the pentahelix.

In terms of measuring the success of the model that has been built to produce recommendations, it has

been agreed that there are 3 E's in the CATWOE analysis (table 2), namely efficiency (E1), effectiveness (E2),

and efficacy (E3), each of which has been agreed upon as well as the determining indicators. With data sources

obtained from 25 informants as representatives of Pokdarwis members, the desired preferences of Pokdarwis

members were obtained for two recommendations, which were then analyzed using the MFEP method. The first

step is determining criteria weights E1, E2, and E3, as shown in table 3. The next step is to process data from

informants called factor evaluation values (NEF) to calculate evaluation weight values (NBE), as shown in Table

4. Then, ranking was done, and the highest value was found to be P1 or P2.

Table 4

Criterion Weights

CRITERION

PERCENTAGE

0,4

0,3

IJEBSS e-ISSN: 2980-4108 p-ISSN: 2980-4272 1253

IJEBSS Vol. 2 No. 04, March-April 2024, pages:

Total

Table 5

Calculation of Factor Evaluation Value (NEF)

CRITERION

4,05

4,04

4,49

4,52

Table 6

Calculation of Evaluation Weight Value and Total Evaluation Weight

CRITERION

NBE P1

NBE P2

NBF

NAVE

NBE

NBF

NAVE

NBE

0,4

4,05

1,62

0,4

4,04

1,616

0,3

4,49

1,347

0,3

4,49

1,347

0,3

4,49

1,347

0,3

4,52

1,356

TBE-P1

4,314

TBE-P2

4,319

Based on the calculation of the evaluation weight values for P1 and P2, it is known that the total

evaluation weights of P1 and P2 are relatively the same, but P2 is slightly higher. This shows that the need for

information technology literacy and digitalization by recommendations is the main focus supported by the need

to strengthen the use of resources provided with contributions from Penta helix components, namely Polaris

(community), government, academia, media, and the business world.

4. Conclusion

The main objective of this study is to develop a community engagement model (pokdarwis) for tourism

promotion by utilizing information technology and digitalization. By taking into account the CCE perspective

that makes pokdarwis the main actors as well as beneficiaries, this model can be built using SSM principles,

which produce two main recommendations, namely strengthening IT resources and digitalization and

increasing IT and Digital literacy, where using MFEP calculations it is stated that the need for improved literacy

is primarily needed and supported by strengthening IT resources and digitalization. The application of

recommendations from the model has been created through nine stages, namely understanding the ongoing

Pokdarwis activities, identifying problem issues and potential existing resources, growing awareness of

Pokdarwis to actively participate in using IT and Digitalization actively, strengthening the Pokdarwis

organization, formulating Pokdarwis activities to strengthen the use of IT and Digitalization, implementing the

activity management plan prepared and agreed upon by Pokdarwis, formulate Pokdarwis activity procedures

for IT optimization and Digitalization, build and develop Pokdarwis skills and understanding of Information

Technology literacy and Digitalization for tourism, pokdarwis become actors and beneficiaries through

Community Collective Engagement (CCE)-based activities. In the future, this proposed model can be continued

by evaluating its application after it has been fully implemented for at least one or two years.

1254 e-ISSN: 2980-4108 p-ISSN: 2980-4272 IJEBSS

IJEBSS Vol. 2 No. 04, Merch-April 2024, pages: 1243-1255

5. References

Barnes, Melody, Born, Paul, Harwood, Richard, Savner, Steve, Stewart, Stacey, & Zanghi MSW, Martin. (2014).

Roundtable on Community Engagement and Collective Impact. Stanford.

Jari, Kaivo Oja, & Lauraéus, Theresa. (2019). Analysis of 2017 Gartner’s three megatrends to thrive the

disruptive business, technology trends 2008-2016, dynamic capabilities of VUCA and foresight

leadership tools. Advances in Technology Innovation, 4(2), 105.

Latuperissa, Rudy. (2020). Model Konseptual Pengelolaan Pengetahuan Di Pokdarwis Wonderful Sangiran

Dengan Pendekatan Soft System Methodology. Nusantara Journal of Information and Library Studies (N-

JILS), 3(2), 140–155. https://doi.org/10.30999/n-jils.v3i2.937

Li, Feng. (2020). The digital transformation of business models in the creative industries: A holistic framework

and emerging trends. Technovation, 92, 102012. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.technovation.2017.12.004

Moric, Ilija, Pekovic, Sanja, Janinovic, Jovana, Perovic, Đurđica, & Griesbeck, Michaela. (2021). Cultural tourism

and community engagement: Insight from Montenegro. Business Systems Research: International Journal

of the Society for Advancing Innovation and Research in Economy, 12(1), 164–178.

Pane, Deasy Damayanti Putri, Tortora, Piera, Anindito, Istasius Angger, Pertamawati, Lelly Hasni, Wikapuspita,

Thaliya, Ardana, Adhitya Kusuma, Manullang, Raja Aldo, Mulyaningsih, Dwi, Renata Abdullah, Rega, &

Ashari, Afaf Setia. (2021). Blue economy development framework for Indonesia’s economic transformation.

Ministry of National Development Planning/National Development Planning ….

Pratiwi, Agnesa Hilda, Oetomo, Ir Andi, Pl, M., Asbi, Adnin Musadri, & Hut, S. (2019). EVALUASI KAPASITAS

KELOMPOK SADAR WISATA (POKDARWIS) DALAM MENDUKUNG PENGEMBANGAN WISATA PANTAI

MINANG RUA DESA KELAWI KABUPATEN LAMPUNG SELATAN. February.

Retnowati, Honorata Ratna Putranti, & Danang, Danang. (2022). Level Of Work Engagement Of Workers Based

On Gamification Of Work Using Multi-Factor Evaluation Process (Mfep) Method. Journal of Positive School

Psychology, 6(8), 6070–6084.

Retnowati, Retnowati, Wahyudi, Eko Nur, & Anis, Yunus. (2022). Mengukur E-Participation Masyarakat di Era

Transformasi Digital dengan Metode Multi Factor Evaluation Process (MFEP). JUSIFO (Jurnal Sistem

Informasi), 8(2), 51–60.

Rukman, Alghif, Marliani, Yayu Ulfah, Muharram, Luthfia Hastiani, & Yunan, Arif. (2023). STRATEGI

PENGEMBANGAN BISNIS BERKELANJUTAN BERBASIS KOMUNITAS DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN TRIPLE

LAYER BUSINESS MODEL CANVAS (STUDI KASUS: KOMUNITAS MAGOTSUKA. Jurnal Bisnis Dan

Kewirausahaan, 19(1), 13–21.

Setiawan, Aby. (2022). Peran Pokdarwis Dalam Pengembangan Destinasi wisata Pantai Biru Kersik Kecamatan

Marangkayu Kabupaten Kutai Kartanegara. Jurnal Administrasi Bisnis FISIPOL UNMUL, 10(3), 263.

Tarifu, La, Equatora, Muhammad Ali, Abdullah, Dahlan, & Saragih, Yasmirah Mandasari. (2021). Decision

support system simulation application with mfep method. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1845(1),

12027. IOP Publishing.

Trenerry, Brigid, Chng, Samuel, Wang, Yang, Suhaila, Zainal Shah, Lim, Sun Sun, Lu, Han Yu, & Oh, Peng Ho.

IJEBSS e-ISSN: 2980-4108 p-ISSN: 2980-4272 1255

IJEBSS Vol. 2 No. 04, March-April 2024, pages:

(2021). Preparing workplaces for digital transformation: An integrative review and framework of multi-

level factors. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 620766.

Umam, Khaerul, & Astuti, Feni. (2022). The embodiment of global governance through Hexahelix in preserving

terracotta architecture. Iapa Proceedings Conference, 74–94.

https://doi.org/10.30589/proceedings.2022.684.

Wang, Wei, Liu, Wenbin, & Mingers, John. (2015). A systemic method for organisational stakeholder

identification and analysis using Soft Systems Methodology (SSM). European Journal of Operational

Research, 246(2), 562–574. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2015.05.014

Warnilah, Ai Ilah, Purnia, Dini Silvi, Adiwisastra, Miftah Farid, Sutisna, Herlan, & Ardianto, Rian. (2020). The

implementation of the mfep (multi factor evaluation process) method in determining the learning model.

Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1641(1), 12036. IOP Publishing.

Xu, Guomin, Guan, Wenjian, Shi, Suan, & Blersch, David. (2018). Adsorption model development for mass

transport characteristics of MFEP structure by physisorption method. Chemical Engineering Journal, 354,

922–931.

Yaakop, Azizul Yadi, Bagul, Awangku Hassanal Bahar Pengiran, & Ismail, Fathilah. (2021). Community

engagement framework for a sustainable sea turtle conservation marketing: a conceptual framework.

BIMP-EAGA Journal for Sustainable Tourism Development, 10(1), 35–43.

https://doi.org/10.51200/bimpeagajtsd.v10i1.3619